Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur the Great Commander

Kholikov Rozik Ikhtiyorovich 

Student of Philology and Language Teaching at Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan 

ABSTRACT 

This article talks about the great general, ghazal poet, Shah  Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur and his conquest of India. Babur's  defeat of Ibrahim Ludi's army and the tactics used in the battle are  briefly explained. Famous personalities of India also tell about the  works done by Babur and his dynasty in this country. 

KEYWORDS: King, dynasty, nation, child, lyric, theme, creation.  Serqirra, military campaigns, life, battle

I. INTRODUCTION 

Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur was a writer, poet,  scientist who occupied a special place in the culture,  literature and poetry of the Middle Ages and was also  a great statesman and general. Babur founded the  Babur dynasty in India with his broad outlook and  perfect intellect, and his name remained in the history  of this country as a statesman. His elegant ghazals and rubai's are the rarest masterpieces of Turkish  poetry, and his treatises on "Mubayyin" ("Declared"),  "Khatgi Baburi", "Harb ishi", and "Aruz" made a  worthy contribution to the fields of Islamic  jurisprudence, poetry and linguistic theory. 

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS  

The brilliant work of the king and great general, the  child loyal to his religion and nation and the poet Zahiriddin Muhammed Babur Mirza, the military  campaigns that led him to greatness, are still studied  by historians and poets. While studying the life of Mirza Babur, after Mir Alisher Navoi, the sultan of the ghazal estate, he was a skilled poet and writer who continued his work, but a person who can  compete with Navoi in Ruboiynavis appears before  our eyes. Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur is recognized  as a role model for all generations with his military  campaigns. Babur is recognized as a person who lived with a sense of homeland and longing until the end of  his life. The theme of the homeland occupies a special  place in Babur's lyrics. His homesickness and love for  the homeland are evident in each of his verses. We  will once again witness that many poems and ghazals written by Babur are filled with the national anthem.  However, in Babur's leadership skills, we can see his  love for the motherland, his responsibility as a leader  to the lives of ordinary people regardless of their nationality and religion. When we talk about this, we  feel more clearly that his bravery and courage are  characteristic of Timurids. His life and literary  activity coincided with a period when the political life  in Movarounnahr was finally complicated, the  leadership of feudal groups was at its peak, and the  crisis of the Timurid state was continuing. If we saw  the vision of such complexities in "Boburnoma", how it was reflected in the psyche of the poet is shown in  his poems. After his attempts to unify Movarounnahr failed, Babur's mood was reflected in his poems when  he was in a difficult mood and was disappointed by  the treachery of the officials. Later, when he left his  country and went to Afghanistan and India, Babur's  poetry began to feel the feeling of Homeland, longing  for the Homeland, and the hope of returning to it. 

If we look at Babur's entire life, we can see that the  general's constant dedication to his country and his  love for his country are clearly reflected in his works. 

Babur's skills in battles are still studied in the West  and the East, causing controversy. Ibrahim Ludi's  victory in the battle near the city of Panipat with about 100,000 soldiers and 50,000 military elephants  is especially commendable and once again shows  how great a general Babur was. It was very difficult  for only about ten or two thousand troops to achieve  such a victory. In the achievements of Babur, the  leadership experience can be shown in a leading  position. He had learned the secrets of martial arts not  only from his friends but also from his enemies. In the battle with Ibrahim Ludi, he learned the cannons  from Shokh Ismail, and learned the use of  ammunition from the experience of his enemies  Shaibani Khan and Ubaidullah Khan. As with all  generals, Babur had suffered a number of defeats in battle. However, Babur was able to use the mistakes and shortcomings he made in each of his defeats to  his advantage in subsequent battles. For example,  while passing through the city of Punjab, which is  washed by five rivers, to fight with Ludi, he takes his  army through the swamps and diseases of a foreign  land. At this place, in the battle near the city of Panipat, the field where Babur Mirza halted for battle  was also chosen on the basis of a strong plan. It was  protected from attack by the Jamna river on the right  and the dense population of the city of Panipat on the  left. From this it can be seen that Ludi can only be  expected directly. However, it was very difficult to  stand up to the army that was coming with a ten times  larger force with chariots and ambushes. Babur's  multi-ethnic soldiers from different places also  believed in his military experience, otherwise they would not have faced inevitable death. This quality of  Babur can show how persuasive the general was to  his army. Before the battle, Babur urged the generals  who were training their soldiers to train hard, saying:  "Don't spare the soldiers during the training, if you  spare them now, they will lose and die in the battle."  We can see that the commander's views on the  combat training of soldiers are widely used in modern  armies. For example: "The more difficult the training combat activity is, the easier the soldier moves in the  battle" is widely used. 

Babur used to go into battle with his trusted men in  all future battles, he trusted all his men who went into  battle. The general used this rule as a program  throughout his military career. In all the battles of  Sarkarda, qualified commanders and his son  Khumayun were shoulder to shoulder. This was the  basis of his victories. In the battle with Ludi, the King of India entrusted the right side of the army to  Khumayun, who was accompanied by such skilled  generals as Khoja Kalonbek and Hindubek. Babur  attacked Ludi's large army from three sides, and from  the open center with seven hundred guns. The war  elephants, frightened by the terrible sound of cannons  and fiery chariots, broke ranks and fled in all  directions. Among them is the white elephant of  Ibrahim Ludi, who dies on the battlefield. This  incident threw all the army of the mine into  confusion. Regardless of how high the victory was,  Babur, unlike the generals of the past, did not allow  the local population to be looted by his soldiers, and  their traditions and customs were trampled under foot.  By these actions, Babur shows how noble a person he is. He even courted Ludi's mother, Princess Bayda.  However, he was the cause of Babur's death. In this way, Babur Mirza is considered as a great general  who founded the Babur dynasty on the land of India, recognized all over the world, including India. Living  in this hot country, he pays great attention to the construction, cultural and educational sphere. It puts  an end to customs such as burning the wife while the  husband is alive, which is against some human rights  in the country. In a short period of time, Babur  sponsored efforts to stabilize the political  environment in India, unify the Indian lands, improve  the cities, regulate trade and create gardens. The  beautification of India, the construction of  architectural monuments, gardens, libraries,  caravanserais, which are still famous in it, spread on a  large scale, especially during the period of his sons  and descendants. The penetration of the Central Asian  style into Indian art and architecture began to be felt.  In the presence of Babur and his ruling descendants, a  perfect spiritual and spiritual environment was  created, which embodied the advanced and intelligent  scientists, poets, musicologists and statesmen of that  time. Jawaharlal Nehru wrote about the importance of  the cultural environment in the Babur state for India:  “After Babur's arrival in India, great changes  took place and new incentives breathed fresh air  into life, art, architecture, and other branches of culture became intertwined.”1. In addition,  Jawaharlal Nehru in the book "Discovery of India"  said this about Babur: “Babur was a charming  person. A great renaissance sultan, a powerful  businessman, loved art, literature, and beauty”. 2.  The Babur dynasty ruled India for over 300 years. 

III. CONCLUSION 

The good works done by the king and the great  leader, the great creator Babur Mirza and his  descendants, that is, the Babur dynasty, have a special  place in the world civilization. The fact that the  buildings built by the Baburis in the land of India over the centuries amaze all the nationalities is  considered as an obvious result of this. Baburi's  practical work in India, humanity, patriotism,  religious tolerance, etc., are the qualities of the Uzbek  nation that are different from other nations, and have  been showing in other countries. Centuries pass, but  the figure of the great Uzbek general Zahiriddin  Muhammad Babur is studied again and again as a  person who left an indelible mark in the history of the  world. 

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Foot Notes

1.Jawaharlal Nehru - Discovery of India book. 

2. Yaqubov H., Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur, Tashkent,  1999. Khasanov S., Babur's treatise Aruz, Tashkent, 1981.